Flooding in Michigan, though not as frequent as in states like Florida or Texas, poses a significant risk to residents. In Metro Detroit, severe thunderstorms caused destructive flooding in 2021, prompting a presidential disaster declaration. The Great Lakes State has experienced similar events before, such as the low-pressure system that drenched southeast Michigan in 2014.
For homeowners seeking protection from flood damage, standard home insurance does not suffice. They need flood insurance available through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). However, participation in the NFIP is voluntary for communities. Currently, 194 Michigan communities do not participate.
“Flood hazards exist throughout Michigan,” said Lauren Thompson-Phillips of the Michigan State Police Emergency Management Division. She noted that natural hazards and urban stormwater runoff are among the threats faced by most communities.
The Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) oversees the NFIP, which offers flood insurance either directly or through over 50 insurers. While many mortgage lenders require coverage for properties in special flood hazard areas, community participation remains voluntary. Communities must apply and meet specific criteria to join the program.
Without participating in the NFIP, communities cannot access federal disaster assistance or loans for development in hazard areas. Their residents also cannot purchase federal flood insurance.
Michigan’s non-participating communities mainly reside in counties with high resilience to floods according to FEMA’s National Risk Index. Despite this classification of relatively low risk for most of Michigan, recent data highlights changing patterns due to climate change. Matthew Occhipinti from Michigan Floodplain Management emphasized efforts by FEMA to update outdated maps across the state.
Occhipinti explained that factors such as resource availability and awareness affect community decisions on NFIP participation: “Where we see this are these very small, rural communities that generally don’t have the resources.” He highlighted challenges including high turnover among local officials and misinformation about the program.
Residents desiring flood protection can explore private insurance options or advocate for local government action towards joining the NFIP and adopting necessary ordinances. Many counties have already taken steps toward comprehensive hazard mitigation planning.
